Compare Sierra Leone (2002) - Niger (2003)

Compare Sierra Leone (2002) z Niger (2003)

	Sierra Leone (2002)	Niger (2003)

Administrative divisions	3 provinces and 1 area; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western	7 departments (departements, singular - departement) and 1 capital district (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder
Age structure	0-14 years: 44.7% (male 1,230,530; female 1,280,084) 15-64 years: 52.1% (male 1,397,070; female 1,528,986) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 87,256; female 90,817) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 47.6% (male 2,686,169; female 2,581,785) 15-64 years: 50.2% (male 2,710,554; female 2,842,319) 65 years and over: 2.2% (male 125,505; female 112,258) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish	cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
Airports	10 (2001)	27 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	total: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 71,740 sq km land: 71,620 sq km water: 120 sq km	total: 1.267 million sq km land: 1,266,700 sq km water: 300 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than South Carolina	slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background	Since 1991, civil war between the government and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (well over one-third of the population) many of whom are now refugees in neighboring countries. After several setbacks, the end to the eleven-year conflict in Sierra Leone may finally be near at hand. With the support of the UN peacekeeping force and contributions from the World Bank and international community, demobilization and disarmament of the RUF and Civil Defense Forces (CDF) combatants has been completed. Reestablishment of government authority throughout the country is slowly proceeding and national elections took place in May 2002.	Not until 1993, 33 years after independence from France, did Niger hold it's first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule by December 1999.
Birth rate	44.58 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	49.54 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $96 million expenditures: $351 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) (2000 est.)	revenues: $320 million - including $134 million from foreign sources expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $178 million (2002 est.)
Capital	Freetown	Niamey
Climate	tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)	desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Coastline	402 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times	the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone conventional short form: Sierra Leone	conventional long form: Republic of Niger conventional short form: Niger local long form: Republique du Niger local short form: Niger
Currency	leone (SLL)	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate	18.83 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	21.71 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$1.3 billion (2000)	$1.6 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Peter Russell CHAVEAS embassy: Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [232] (22) 226481 through 226485 FAX: [232] (22) 225471	chief of mission: Ambassador Gail Dennise Thomas MATHIEU embassy: Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey mailing address: B. P. 11201, Niamey telephone: [227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64 FAX: [227] 73 31 67, 72-31-46
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Ibrahim M. KAMARA chancery: 1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 939-9261 through 9263 FAX: [1] (202) 483-1793	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph DIATTA chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227 FAX: [1] (202)483-3169
Disputes - international	ongoing conflict in Sierra Leone has engendered refugee movements into neighboring Guinea and Liberia	Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated but states accept 2001 arbitration over disputed Niger River islands; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over the lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias
Economic aid - recipient	$103 million (2001 est.)	$341 million (1997)
Economy - overview	Sierra Leone is an extremely poor African nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. It does have substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources. However, the economic and social infrastructure is not well developed, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development, following a 10-year civil war. About two-thirds of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. There are plans to reopen bauxite and rutile mines shut down during the conflict. The major source of hard currency consists of the mining of diamonds. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad.	Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, and reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000-01, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $105 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation. The IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Further disbursements of aid occurred in 2002. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources.
Electricity - consumption	227.85 million kWh (2000)	325.1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	100 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	245 million kWh (2000)	242 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m	lowest point: Niger River 200 m highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m
Environment - current issues	rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing	overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century), refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians	Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates
Exchange rates	leones per US dollar - 2,212.47 (January 2002), 1,985.89 (2001), 2,092.13 (2000), 1,804.20 (1999), 1,563.62 (1998), 981.48 (1997)	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007); note - president's tenure of office is limited to two five-year terms election results: Ahmad Tejan KABBAH reelected president; percent of vote - Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (SLPP) 70.6%, Ernest KOROMA 22.4%	chief of state: President TANDJA Mamadou (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President TANDJA Mamadou (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president cabinet: 23-member Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president election results: TANDJA Mamadou elected president; percent of vote - TANDJA Mamadou 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1%
Exports	$65 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish	uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions
Exports - partners	NZ 33.7%, Belgium 32.6%, US 7.4%, France 5.1% (2000)	France 39%, Nigeria 33.2%, Japan 17.1% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue	three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $2.7 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $8.713 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 43% industry: 27% services: 30% (2000)	agriculture: 39% industry: 17% services: 44% (2001)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $500 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $800 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3% (2001 est.)	2.9% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	8 30 N, 11 30 W	16 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note	rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa	landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world: northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture
Heliports	2 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 11,700 km paved: 936 km unpaved: 10,764 km (2002)	total: 10,100 km paved: 798 km unpaved: 9,302 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1% highest 10%: 44% (1989) (1989)	lowest 10%: 0.8% highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)
Imports	$145 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals	foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals
Imports - partners	Czech Republic 26.7%, UK 26.6%, US 5.1%, Netherlands 4.6% (2000)	France 16.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 14.9%, China 9.8%, Nigeria 7.4%, US 5.2%, Japan 4.6%, India 4.4% (2002)
Independence	27 April 1961 (from UK)	3 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	mining (diamonds); small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining	uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses
Infant mortality rate	144.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 123.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 127.99 deaths/1,000 live births female: 119.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	15% (2000 est.)	3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2001)	1 (2002)
Irrigated land	290 sq km (1998 est.)	660 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court	State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Labor force	1.369 million note: only about 65,000 wage earners (1985) (1981 est.)	70,000 receive regular wages or salaries
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%	agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Land boundaries	total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km	total: 5,697 km border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Land use	arable land: 6.76% permanent crops: 0.78% other: 92.46% (1998 est.)	arable land: 3.94% permanent crops: 0% other: 96.06% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)	French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Legal system	based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (124 seats - 112 elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - SLPP 70.06%, APC 22.35%, PLP 3%, others 4.59%; seats by party - SLPP 83, APC 27, PLP 2	unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 45.96 years male: 43.01 years female: 49.01 years (2002 est.)	total population: 42.21 years male: 42.29 years female: 42.12 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic total population: 31.4% male: 45.4% female: 18.2% (1995 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 17.6% male: 25.8% female: 9.7% (2003 est.)
Location	Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia	Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 NM contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM	none (landlocked)
Military branches	Army (RSLAF)	Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, National Intervention and Security Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$10.3 million (FY01)	$20.54 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.5% (FY01)	1.1% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,203,682 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 2,379,485 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 583,946 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,288,396 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 119,367 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 27 April (1961)	Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nationality	noun: Sierra Leonean(s) adjective: Sierra Leonean	noun: Nigerien(s) adjective: Nigerien
Natural hazards	dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms	recurring droughts
Natural resources	diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite	uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
Net migration rate	6.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: by the end of 1999 refugees from Sierra Leone are assumed to be returning (2002 est.)	-0.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	All People's Congress or APC [Alhaji Sat KOROMA, interim chairman]; Citizens United for Peace and Progress or CUPP [Alfred Musa CONTEH, interim chairman]; Coalition for Progress Party or CPP [Jeridine WILLIAM-SARHO, interim leader]; Democratic Center Party or DCP [Adu Aiah KOROMA]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP [George E. L. PALMER]; Democratic Party or DP [Henry BALO, acting chairman]; National Alliance Democratic Party or NADP [Mohamed Yahya SILLAH, chairman]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Amadu M. B. JALLOH]; National People's Party or NPP [Andrew TURAY]; National Republican Party or NRP [Stephen Sahr MAMBU]; National Unity Movement or NUM [Sam LEIGH, interim chairman]; National Unity Party or NUP [John BENJAMINE, interim leader]; Peace and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON, interim chairman]; People's Democratic Alliance or PDA [Cpl. (Ret.) Abdul Rahman KAMARA, interim chairman]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Osman KAMARA]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward John KARGBO]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Abass Chernok BUNDU, chairman]; Revolutionary United Front Party or RUFP [Foday Saybana SANKOH, chairman]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Andrew Victor LUNGAY]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Ahmad Tejan KABBAH, chairman]; United National People's Party or UNPP [John KAREFA-SMART in exile, Raymond KAMARA, acting leader]; Young People's Party or YPP [Cornelius DEVEAUS, interim chairman]	Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Trade Unions and Student Unions	NA
Population	5,614,743 (July 2002 est.)	11,058,590 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	68% (1989 est.)	63% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate	3.21% (2002 est.)	2.71% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel	none
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 9, shortwave 1 (1999)	AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios	1.12 million (1997)	-
Railways	total: 84 km narrow gauge: 84 km 1.067-m gauge note: Sierra Leone has no common carrier railroads; the existing railroad is private and used on a limited basis while the mine at Marampa is closed (2001)	0 km
Religions	Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%	Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: marginal telephone and telegraph service domestic: The national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema (April 2001) international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	25,000 (2001)	20,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	30,000 (2001)	6,700 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	2 (1999)	3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (2002)
Terrain	coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east	predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Total fertility rate	5.94 children born/woman (2002 est.)	6.91 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	NA%
Waterways	800 km (of which 600 km navigable year round)	300 km note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March

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